Imaging device having a pivoting pressure pad for engaging and disengaging a web medium

ABSTRACT

The recording web in an electrophotographic apparatus is pressed into engagement with the photoconductive plate by a flexible, resilient, pivoting pressure pad. Due to the positioning of the axis of the pressure pad with respect to the plane of the photoconductive plate, the end of the pressure pad closest to the pivot axis initially contact the web. The area of engagement then increases as the pressure pad is further pivoted against the plate. This progressive engagement action smooths out wrinkles in the web and squeeges or displaces air from between the web and the plate. After full engagement is established, an exposureimaging cycle is initiated which causes a charge image to be formed on the web. The charge image establishes electrostatic forces which further engage the web to the photoconductive plate. After exposure, the web is disengaged from the plate by pivoting the pressure pad away from the plate. The web is peeled off of the surface of the plate during this disengagement causing the area of engagement to progressively decrease as the pressure pad is pivoted. The pivoting-peeling action requires less disengagement force to overcome the electrostatic engagement force than would be required if the web were disengaged over the entire area of engagement simultaneously. Further minimization of the disengagement force is obtained because the force of disengagement established by the pivoting pressure pad is applied generally perpendicular to the plane of the web-plate engagement. The present minimal disengagement forces remain uniformly minimal throughout the disengagement cycle. Timers and limit switches are employed to automate the pressure pad pivoting, exposure-charge cycle, and web transport cycle.

United States Patent 91 Levy [ 1 Feb.6,1973

[541 IMAGING DEVICE HAVING A PIVOTING PRESSURE PAD FOR ENGAGING AND DISENGAGING A WEB MEDIUM [75] Inventor: Raymond L. Levy, Palo Alto, Calif.

[73] Assignee: Varian Associates, Palo Alto, Calif.

[22] Filed: March 22, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 126,779

. 355/113 [51 1 lnt. Cl. ..G03g 15/00 [58] Field of Search ..35/3,l2, 14,16, 91,93, 355/97, 99,118,120,128,l29,130,l31

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,510,217 5/1970 Cirimele et a1. ..355/l6 3,288,047 11/1966 Limberger ..355/16 Primary Examiner-Samuel S. Matthews Assistant Examiner-Richard M. Sheer Attorney-Leon F. Herbert and Paul Hentzel [57] ABSTRACT The recording web in an electrophotographic apparatus is pressed into engagement with the photoconductive plate by a flexible, resilient, pivoting pressure pad. Due to the positioning of the axis of the pressure pad with respect to the plane of the photoconductive plate, the end of the pressure pad closest to the pivot axis initially contact the web. The area of engagement then increases as the pressure pad is further pivoted against the plate. This progressive engagement action smooths out wrinkles in the web and squeeges or displaces air from between the web and the plate. After full engagement is established, an exposure-imaging cycle is initiated which causes a charge image to be formed on the web. The charge image establishes electrostatic forces which further engage the web to the photoconductive plate. After exposure, the web is disengaged from the plate by pivoting. the pressure pad away from the plate. The web is peeled off of the surface of the plate during thisdisengagement causing the area of engagement to progressively decrease as the pressure pad is pivoted. The pivoting-peeling action requires less disengagement force to' overcome the electrostatic engagement force than would be required if the web were disengaged over the entire area of engagement simultaneously. Further minimization of the disengagement force is obtained because the force of disengagement established by the pivoting pressure pad is applied generally perpendicular to the plane of the web-plate engagement. The present minimal disengagement forces remain uniformly minimal throughout the disengagement cycle. Timers and limit switches are employed to automate the pressure pad pivoting, exposure-charge cycle, and web transport cycle.

8 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures PATENTED FEB 6 I975 SHEET 10F 2 INVENTOR RAYMOND Lit) 3Y6) ATTO RNEYS IMAGING DEVICE HAVING A PIVOTING PRESSURE PAD FOR ENGAGING AND DISENGAGING A WEB MEDIUM FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to web handling devices and more particularly to such devices which engage and disengage the web against an imaging surface.

DEsCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART Heretofore, a crowned flexible pressure pad has been employed in electrophotographic recorders (U. S. Pat. No. 3,510,217). The crowned pad was mounted parallel to the photoconductive plate and the web-plate engagement was initiated at the center of the crown and extended toward the edges thereof smoothing out the web and pushing air out past the edges of the plate.

In U. S. application Ser. No. 7,653, filed Feb. 2, I970, entitled Electroduplication Apparatus Employing A Conductive Porous Elastic Pressure Pad For Pressing The Recording Medium Against the Photoconductor, and assigned to the present assignee, a flat porous pressure pad was employed to engage the entire area of the plate simultaneously. The porousity of the pad permitted air between the pad and web to escape through the pad.

Neither of the above prior art structures disclose the present pivoting-peeling technique for removing the charged web from the oppositely charged plate. The charge image electrostatic forces held the web in en gagement with the plate. A large web drive motor was required to overcome this web holding electrostatic field. Frequently, the electrostatic holding forces caused the web to tear or to slip with respect to the drive rollers which destroyed the registration between the charge image and the web cutting mechanism. The web drive forces moved the web laterally with respect to the plate, which in the initial stages of disengagement caused abrasion of the photoconductive surface by the relatively rough dielectric surface of the web.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION I vide a web-handling device for engaging and disengaging a web from between an imaging surface and a pressure pad in which the area of engagement gradually decreases in order to reduce the disengagement forces required; provide a web-handling device for engaging and disengaging a web between a photoconductive surface and a backup electrode in which the disengagement forces are minimal and generally normal to the surface of engagement and remain uniformly minimal throughout the disengagement cycle.

Briefly, these and other objects are achieved by providing an area imaging device having a transparent member such as a plate for displaying an area image, and a web for accommodating the area image by recording or projecting the image. A resilient flexible pressure pad is mounted proximate the transparent plate with the recording web therebetween. The pressure pad and the plate are in pivotal relationship about an axis off one end of the plane of web-plate engagement for causing the pressure pad to initially engage the web and the plate at the end thereof closest to the pivoting axis. The area of engagement gradually increases and extends towards the other end of the pressure pad. This pivoting action and gradual expansion of the area of engagement smooths out the web in the direction of increasing area and causes air to be displaced from between the plate and the pad. Upon disengagement of the web the area of engagement gradually decreases towards the axis end of the pad. The web in effect is peeled away from the transparent imaging surface to minimize the forces required to disengage the web.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Further objects and advantages of the web-handling device and the operation of the pivoting pressure pad will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings in which: 1

FIG. 1 is an isometric schematic view partly in section showing an electrophotographic recorder system employing the pivoting pressure pad;-

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the pivoting pressure pad and the associated automation structure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic end view of a bowed pressure pad embodiment; and

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an easy loading embodiment in which the pressure pad and automation struc ture are mounted over the web and electrophotographic plate.

Referring to FIG. 1 there is shown a photoconductive plate 10 mounted on a glass substrate 12 contained within a dark box 14. The image to be copied 16 is projected onto plate 10 by an optical imaging system depicted in FIG. 1 as light source 18. A web 20 from supply reel 22 is pressed into mechanical and electrical engagement with photoconductive plate 10 by pivoting assembly 24. A voltage source 26 for applying a charging voltage serially across plate 10 and web 20, has one lead connected to a thin transparent electrode 28 sandwiched between glass substrate 12 and plate 10, and

v the other lead connected to pivoting assembly 24 which is conductive. A timer 30 controls the application of charging voltage 26 and the exposure of image 16 by light source 18. Current flowing through photoconductor 10 in response to this exposure causes a latent charge image 32 (shown in dotted lines) which corresponds to image 16 to be formed on web 20. Web 20 is disengaged from photoconductor 10 by a peeling process explained more fully in connection with FIG. 2. Web 20 is then moved to a toning station 34 by a pair of opposed drive wheels 36 activated by a web transport motor 38 where charge image 32 is developed to form I visible image 40.

Referring to FIG. 2, the automatic cycling, web engaging, and image exposing structure is shown with the pivoting assembly 24 pivoted slightly to partially en gaged web 20 against plate 10. At the beginning of the cycle, pivoting assembly 24 is clear of plate 10, and web drive motor 38 activates opposed drive rollers 36 to draw fresh copy web into the exposure position directly beneath photoconductor 10. A gear motor 50 is then energized to rotate crank 52 and operate toggle linkage S4 in the expanding mode, causing pivoting assembly 24 to pivot about axis 56 and swing toward photoconductor 10. Pivoting assembly 24 includes a porous resilient conductive flexible pressure pad 58 mounted on a conductive backup electrode 60 which is mounted on pivoting frame 62. The pivoting action causes pressure pad 58 to initially engage web 20 along leading edge 58a as shown in FIG. 2. As the area of engagement expands across pressure pad 58 in the direction of arrow 59 toward lagging edge 58b, web 20 is smoothed out toward lagging edge 58b preventing wrinkle formation. The air immediately above web 20 and next to photoconductor is displaced towards the lagging edge 58b and towards the sides of pressure pad 58. The air immediately under web and next to pad 58 escapes through the pores of pad 58. As the increasing area of engagement expands to the full area of pad 58 and web 20 becomes fully engaged, toggle linkage 54 approaches full toggle and activates an upper limit switch 64 which stops gear motor 50 and triggers light source 18 to initiate the web exposure-charging cycle. Also, as pivoting assembly approaches full engagement, a pawl 70 contacts upper striker plate 77 and is pushed into engagement with ratchet 72. This engagement locks a pair of opposed guide rollers 66 and 68 preventing movement of web 20 after web 20 has become fully engaged between pad 58 and plate 10 and the web ironing action is complete.

After exposure period which is determined by timer 30, gear motor 50 is re-energized and operates toggle linkage 54 in the contracting mode. Pivoting assembly 24 pivots away from photoconductor 10 causing pad 58 to progressively disengage web 20 from photoconductor 10. Web 20 is peeled away from plate 10 along the boundary of the progressively decreasing area of engagement. The peeling action reduces the disengagement forces required to break the electrostatic bond developed between web 20 and plate 10 during exposure and charging of web 20. Further minimization of the disengagement force is effected by the generally perpendicular disengagement motion between plate 10 and pad 58. Heretofore, the web was disengaged by pulling the web laterally with respect to the photoconductive plate. The entire area of engagement was overcome at one time. Web 20 is held at lagging edge 58b during the peeling disengagement by rotably locked opposed guide rollers 66 and 68. Web 20 is held taunt at leading edge 58a by the gradually decreasing web-plate engagement and further by opposed drive rollers 36. As the disengagement is completed, toggle linkage 54 approaches full contraction and activates lower limit switch 74 which de-energizes gear motor 50 and activates web drive motor 38. Meanwhile, the downward movement of pivoting assembly 24 has caused pawl 70 to abutt striker plate 76 and become disengaged from ratchet 72 to release web 20 from between guide rollers 66 and 68 allowing fresh web to be drawn into the exposure position by drive motor 38. Drive motor 38 and gear motor 50 may be replaced by a single motor with appropriate clutch mechanisms to drive the web and pivot assembly 24.

The grey scale capabilities of the recorder may be enhanced if during the web peeling action, voltage 26 is continuously applied across plate 10 and web 20. The

presence of this voltage adds to the electrostatic holding force already present between plate 10 and web 20 due to the charge image 32. This added force of engagement is readily overcome, however, by the peeling and pivoting technique described above.

Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown a bowed embodiment of the pivoting pressure pad 58. The pressure pad-backup electrode unit is secured to pivoting frame 62 by a series of threaded studs a, 80b and 800. Spring spacers 82a, 82b and 820 and locking nuts 84a, 84b and 840 mounted on each stud permit adjustment of the relative position and alignment between pad 58 and frame'62. The bowed condition shown'in FIG. 3 is obtained by tightening lock nuts 84a and 84c along both sides of frame 62. Web 20 is smoothed laterally by this bowed configuration as pivoting assembly 24 swings into the web engagement position. Additionally, air is squeezed laterally out of the web engagement area as indicated by arrows 85 in FIG. 3. FIG. 3 depicts the bowed pad and web partially engaged.

Lateral squeegeeing and smoothing may be accomplished with the planar pressure pad of FIG. 1 by tilting the axis of pivot into a nonparallel orientation with respect to the plane of photoconductor 10. The squeegeeing action in this tilted structures starts at the corner of initial contact and spreads laterally across the web in one direction in contrast to the bilateral squeegeeing and smoothing of the FIG. 3 bowed embodiment. In both embodiments, however, longitudinal squeegeeing and smoothing is provided by the pivoting action described in relation to FIG. 2.

Referring to FIG. 4, pivoting assembly 24 and the associated automation structure are shown mounted over plate 10 in a hinged top housing 90. Housing is shown raised away from plate 10 in the web loading position. In the loading position, guide rollers 66 and 68 are separated and drive rollers 36 become spaced. Web 20 from a new supply roll 22 is easily loaded by pulling the web over lower guide roller 68 and inserting the web between spaced drive rollers 36. Housing 90 is then pushed downward into the closed or operating position. Guide rollers 66 and 68 and drive rollers 36 become engaged and housing 90 is secured by frame latch 92. Housing 90 is preferably hinged on the same pivot axis 56 as pivoting assembly 24. This assures that the same web engagement and disengagement action occurs when housing 90 is opened as when pivoting assembly 24 is pivoted.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the objects of this invention have been achieved by providing a pivoting pressure pad which smooths the web against the photoconductor. Bowed and tilted modifi cations augment this smoothing action. Upon disengagement, the pivoting pad peels the web away from the photoconductor by moving generally normally away from the photoconductor.

What is claimed is:

1. An electrophotographic recording device employing a recording medium which is periodically engaged and disengaged from a recording structure, the combination comprising:

a transparent plate for displaying an image of an original to be copied; a resilient flexible pressure pad having a generally planar surface pivotally mounted with respect to the transparent plate for engaging and disengaging a recording medium in an area between the plate and the pad, said pressure pad being pivotal about an axis located outside of said area of engagement and in a plane other than the plane of the area of engagement for causing the pressure pad when pivoted to initially engage said plate with a recording medium therebetween at a portion thereof close to the pivot axis and for causing the area of engagement to gradually increase as the pivoting of said pad is increased and to extend toward a portion of the pressure pad remote from the pivot axis, and upon disengagement of the pad from said plate with a recording medium therebetween the pivoting relationship causes the area of engagement to gradually decrease toward the portion of the pressure pad close to the pivot axis;

recording medium holding means affixed to the pressure pad at the end thereof remote from the initially engaged portion between a recording medium and the plate and the pressure pad for retaining a recording medium during disengagement causing a recording medium to peel away from the plate as the area of engagement decreases; and

means for causing the pressure pad to pivot with respect to the transparent plate.

2. The device as specified in claim 1 employing a dielectric coated recording medium, wherein:

a photoconductive layer is provided on the transparent plate adjacent to a recording medium;

an electrode means is provided between the photoconductive layer and the transparent plate;

the pressure pad is electrically conductive;

a voltage source is provided for establishing an electric field between the electrode means and the pressure pad which passes through the photoconductive layer and a dielectric coated recording medium;and

an imaging means is provided-to illuminate the photoconductive layer with an image which results in a corresponding charge image on a dielectric coated recording medium.

3. The device as specified in claim 2, wherein a dielectric coated recording medium is normally slightly spaced from the photoconductive layer and is forced into engagement therewith by the pivoting action of the pressure pad.

4. The device as specified in claim 3, wherein drive means are provided for pulling a recording medium into a position slightly spaced from the photoconductive layer; and

switching means are provided responsive to the pivoting of the pressure pad for automating the positioning and engagement of a recording medium and activation of the imaging means.

5. The device as specified in claim 2, wherein the electric field is maintained between the electrode means and the pressure pad during the imaging process and the subsequent disengagement of the pad from the plate with the recording medium therebetween 6. The device as specified in claim 2, wherein the pressure pad is bowed across the dimension thereof which is perpendicular to the direction of increasing and decreasing engagement area. l

The device as specified in claim 2, wherein a hinged top housing is provided containing the pressure pad and the means for pivoting the pressure pad are mounted in the housing in a position over the photoconductive layer.

8. The device as specified in claim 7, wherein the hinged top housing pivots on the same axis as the pressure pad. 

1. An electrophotographic recording device employing a recording medium which is periodically engaged and disengaged from a recording structure, the combination comprising: a transparent plate for displaying an image of an original to be copied; a resilient flexible pressure pad having a generally planar surface pivotally mounted with respect to the transparent plate for engaging and disengaging a recording medium in an area between the plate and the pad, said pressure pad being pivotal about an axis located outside of said area of engagement and in a plane other than the plane of the area of engagement for causing the pressure pad when pivoted to initially engage said plate with a recording medium therebetween at a portion thereof close to the pivot axis and for causing the area of engagement to gradually increase as the pivoting of said pad is increased and to extend toward a portion of the pressure pad remote from the pivot axis, and upon disengagement of the pad from said plate with a recording medium therebetween the pivoting relationship causes the area of engagement to gradually decrease toward the portion of the pressure pad close to the pivot axis; recording medium holding means affixed to the pressure pad at the end thereof remote from the initially engaged portion between a recording medium and the plate and the pressure pad for retaining a recording medium during disengagement causing a recording medium to peel away from the plate as the area of engagement decreases; and means for causing the pressure pad to pivot with respect to the transparent plate.
 1. An electrophotographic recording device employing a recording medium which is periodically engaged and disengaged from a recording structure, the combination comprising: a transparent plate for displaying an image of an original to be copied; a resilient flexible pressure pad having a generally planar surface pivotally mounted with respect to the transparent plate for engaging and disengaging a recording medium in an area between the plate and the pad, said pressure pad being pivotal about an axis located outside of said area of engagement and in a plane other than the plane of the area of engagement for causing the pressure pad when pivoted to initially engage said plate with a recording medium therebetween at a portion thereof close to the pivot axis and for causing the area of engagement to gradually increase as the pivoting of said pad is increased and to extend toward a portion of the pressure pad remote from the pivot axis, and upon disengagement of the pad from said plate with a recording medium therebetween the pivoting relationship causes the area of engagement to gradually decrease toward the portion of the pressure pad close to the pivot axis; recording medium holding means affixed to the pressure pad at the end thereof remote from the initially engaged portion between a recording medium and the plate and the pressure pad for retaining a recording medium during disengagement causing a recording medium to peel away from the plate as the area of engagement decreases; and means for causing the pressure pad to pivot with respect to the transparent plate.
 2. The device as specified in claim 1 employing a dielectric coated recording medium, wherein: a photoconductive layer is provided on the transparent plate adjacent to a recording medium; an electrode means is provided between the photoconductive layer and the transparent plate; the pressure pad is electrically conductive; a voltage source is provided for establishing an electric field between the electrode means and the pressure pad which passes through the photoconductive layer and a dielectric coated recording medium; and an imaging means is provided to illuminate the photoconductive layer with an image which results in a corresponding charge image on a dielectric coated recording medium.
 3. The device as specified in claim 2, wherein a dielectric coated recording medium is normally slightly spaced from the photoconductive layer and is forced into engagement therewith by the pivoting action of the pressure pad.
 4. The device as specified in claim 3, wherein drive means are provided for pulling a recording medium into a position slightly spaced from the photoconductive layer; and switching means are provided responsive to the pivoting of the pressure pad for automating the positioning and engagement of a recording medium and activation of the imaging means.
 5. The device as specified in claim 2, wherein the electric field is maintained between the electrode means and the pressure pad during the imaging process and the subsequent disengagement of the pad from the plate with the recording medium therebetween
 6. The device as specified in claim 2, wherein the pressure pad is bowed across the dimension thereof which is perpendicular to the direction of increasing and decreasing engagement area.
 7. The device as specified in claim 2, wherein a hinged top housing is provided containing the pressure pad and the means for pivoting the pressure pad are mounted in the housing in a position over the photoconductive layer. 